ORM

Odoo ORM (Object-Relational Mapping) is a way to interact with the database and perform database operations in the Odoo platform. ORM applies object-oriented programming (OOP) principles to database operations, representing database tables as Python objects. This makes database operations more programmatic and readable, providing developers with an easier way to manage database operations.
Here are the core concepts and workings of Odoo ORM:

1. Model
   A model is a Python class that represents a database table. Each module in Odoo contains one or more models. These models create and manage the tables in the database. Below is a simple model example:

                                               
                                                   from odoo import models, fields
   
   class Customer(models.Model):
   _name = 'res.partner'
   _inherit = 'res.partner'
   
   # Custom fields
   is_company = fields.Boolean(string='Is a Company', default=False)
   customer_code = fields.Char(string='Customer Code')
                                                   
                                               
                                           

2. Field
   Fields define the types and behaviors of data in a model. Fields represent the columns in a database table. For example, in a customer model, fields like "name", "email", and "phone" can be defined: name = fields.Char(string='Name') email = fields.Char(string='Email') phone = fields.Char(string='Phone')
3. Record
   A record represents a specific database entry of a model. Each record contains data for the fields defined by the model. For example, a Customer record can be created as follows:

                                               
                                                   new_customer = self.env['res.partner'].create({
   'name': 'John Doe',
   'email': 'john.doe@example.com',
   'phone': '123456789'
   })
                                                   
                                               
                                           

4. Domain and Context
   • Domain:Used to filter database records based on certain conditions. For example, filtering records based on a field's value:

                                                         
                                                         domain = [('is_company', '=', True)]
     companies =
     self.env['res.partner'].search(domain)
                                                                 
                                                         
                                                     

   • Context:Used to specify the behavior of operations. For instance, setting the user's language or other settings using context:

                                                         
                                                             context = {'lang': 'en_US'}
     products =
     self.env['product.product'].with_context(context).search([])
                                                                 
                                                         
                                                     

5. CRUD Operations (Create, Read, Update, Delete)
   • Create:Creating a new record:

                                                     
                                                     new_customer = self.env['res.partner'].create({
     'name': 'Jane Doe',
     'email': 'jane.doe@example.com' })
                                                     
                                                     
                                                     

   • Read:Reading records:

                                                         
                                                             customer = self.env['res.partner'].browse(1)
     print(customer.name)    
                                                         
                                                     

   • Update:Updating records:

                                                         
                                                             customer.write({'email': 'new.email@example.com'})    
                                                         
                                                     

   • Delete:Deleting records:

                                                         
                                                             customer.unlink()
                                                         
                                                     

Conclusion

Odoo ORM provides flexibility and ease for developers in managing database operations. This facilitates the rapid development and customization of applications. Using ORM, database operations are managed more clearly and sustainably with Python code.